The main purpose of the present paper is to reconstruct the central argument of Economic Planning and International Order, an interwar classic authored by Lionel Robbins with a view to building a neoliberal order, strong enough to sustain free trade and international division of labor. To this end, this paper also offers a portrayal of the intellectual and social contexts within which his attempt was made to transform classical liberalism, which had been on the wane since the late 19th century, into a new version of liberalism. A discussion of a distinguishing feature of his neoliberal vision closes the paper.